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                  <text>Mr. Warren Taylor shared items from three distinct locations and time periods: a 1925 Business Guide produced by the Colored Commercial Club of Omaha, homestead documents from early twentieth century Wyoming, and artifacts from his ancestors’ enslavement in mid-nineteenth century Mississippi. A friend gave the Business Guide to Mr. Taylor, but the other two collections are family heirlooms. &#13;
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The Business Guide provides valuable insight into Jim Crow-era Omaha. The book illustrates that segregation between the black and white communities was able to exist without legal segregation codes. Mr. Taylor commented that a number of those businesses in the guide remained until the riots of 1968, after which a significant number closed their doors.&#13;
&#13;
The Homestead Act documents contain dated certificates of land registration and land deeds, as well as some other documents from Mr. Taylor’s paternal grandfather and granduncle, Russel Taylor and Otis Taylor, respectively. The brothers both homesteaded in Wyoming for a time, but moved back to Nebraska due to the inability to maintain livelihood with the poor soil of the region. &#13;
&#13;
Mr. Taylor’s family heirloom collection contains photographs of both a penny from 1840 and a cup owned by Mr. Taylor’s great-great-grandmother. Warren Taylor’s grandaunt created handwritten notes to accompany both artifacts, and have also been handed down to him. The notes themselves hold a great deal of meaning to his family, as Mr. Taylor’s grandaunt was the daughter of a formerly enslaved person, and learned to read and write in church, later becoming a church orator. This collections was contributed at the North Omaha History Harvest in 2011.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Mr. Taylor presents two artifacts from his maternal great-great-grandmother: a metal folding cup and a penny. Both items belonged to her during her time of enslavement in Mississippi, and were passed down to him from his great aunt, who also created handwritten notes describing the origin of the items.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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&lt;p&gt;You can find this and other stories on the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoryHarvest"&gt;History Harvest YouTube Channel.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Bill Hayes shared these documents on behalf of Grace Emmett and Mary Ann Hessenflow, granddaughters of the Civil War veteran Samuel L. Roberts. The collection includes a letter of parole (Roberts was a Civil War POW), a letter Roberts sent home from the battlefront in 1864, discharge papers and other documents. Hayes shared the documents at the Nebraska City History Harvest event held at the Lewis and Clark Missouri River Basin Visitors Center on September 12, 2010.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/dZNURCXoriU" width="420" height="315"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;You can watch this and other stories on the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoryHarvest"&gt;History Harvest YouTube Channel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Bill Hayes shared these documents on behalf of Grace Emmett and Mary Ann Hessenflow, granddaughters of the Civil War veteran Samuel L. Roberts. The collection includes a letter of parole (Roberts was a Civil War POW), a letter Roberts sent home from the battlefront in 1864, discharge papers and other documents. Hayes shared the documents at the Nebraska City History Harvest event held at the Lewis and Clark Missouri River Basin Visitors Center on September 12, 2010.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This lithograph comes from Grace Emmett and Mary Ann Hessenflow's collection. Originally printed by the &lt;em&gt;Puck&lt;/em&gt; magazine in 1884 and framed in Roberts's family in 1938, it alludes to the pre-Civil war debates on whether the North should continue to acknowledge the slavery in the South and not prevent its spread into the Western territories or support the rights of the free labor.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;John A. Logan, portrayed in center of the lithograph holding a paper that says "No Interference with Slave-Hunters!" was a Democratic representative from Illinois in 1859, defending Douglas's position on slavery against the burgeoning Republicans Lincoln, Seward, and Sumner portrayed on the left of the lithograph. In a speech that gave him his nickname, Logan claimed that arresting fugitive slaves was the "dirty work" for Democrats to do in the "Western states." Behind Logan are the African American people persecuted by the slave-hunters, portrayed with exaggerated features, dressed as bandits. Serving as a Union Army general in the Civil War all but obliterated Logan's anti-Republican record. Yet when Logan became the Republican vice-presidential candidate in the 1884 election, the pro-Cleveland &lt;em&gt;Puck&lt;/em&gt; printed this lithograph to remind its audience of the Logan's past. Logan and his co-runner James G. Blaine lost the election.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The lithograph comes from a family of a Civil War veteran and could have had two uses. For one, the original owner Samuel L. Roberts probably served under Logan, could have shared Logan's views both before and after the war, and kept this lithograph for the sake of having Logan's likeness. Another possibility is that the lithograph symbolized the beginning of the war in which Roberts fought and the symbol of his fighting. Since the lithograph was framed in 1938, it is also possible that the owners saw it as a representation of the horrors of slavery and a symbol of their ancestor's service to the country in the Civil War.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The lithograph's framing obscured its title and purpose and it would have been impossible to interpret its meaning without addressing the Library of Congress collection, where it can be viewed in greater detail at &lt;a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012645248/"&gt;http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012645248/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For interviews and oral histories of this and other items please visit the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoryHarvest?feature=watch"&gt;History Harvest YouTube Channel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;James P. Jones, &lt;em&gt;"Black Jack:" John A. Logan and Southern Illinois in the Civil War Era&lt;/em&gt; (Tallahassee, Fl.: The Florida State University Press, 1967).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;James P. Jones, &lt;em&gt;John A. Logan, Stalwart Republican from Illinois&lt;/em&gt; (Tallahassee, Fl.: The Florida State University Press, 1982).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Prints and Photographs Online Catalogue, "John A. Logan in 1859" in &lt;em&gt;Library of Congress&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012645248/"&gt;http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012645248/&lt;/a&gt; (accessed on May 5, 2012).&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Mr. Warren Taylor shared items from three distinct locations and time periods: a 1925 Business Guide produced by the Colored Commercial Club of Omaha, homestead documents from early twentieth century Wyoming, and artifacts from his ancestors’ enslavement in mid-nineteenth century Mississippi. A friend gave the Business Guide to Mr. Taylor, but the other two collections are family heirlooms. &#13;
&#13;
The Business Guide provides valuable insight into Jim Crow-era Omaha. The book illustrates that segregation between the black and white communities was able to exist without legal segregation codes. Mr. Taylor commented that a number of those businesses in the guide remained until the riots of 1968, after which a significant number closed their doors.&#13;
&#13;
The Homestead Act documents contain dated certificates of land registration and land deeds, as well as some other documents from Mr. Taylor’s paternal grandfather and granduncle, Russel Taylor and Otis Taylor, respectively. The brothers both homesteaded in Wyoming for a time, but moved back to Nebraska due to the inability to maintain livelihood with the poor soil of the region. &#13;
&#13;
Mr. Taylor’s family heirloom collection contains photographs of both a penny from 1840 and a cup owned by Mr. Taylor’s great-great-grandmother. Warren Taylor’s grandaunt created handwritten notes to accompany both artifacts, and have also been handed down to him. The notes themselves hold a great deal of meaning to his family, as Mr. Taylor’s grandaunt was the daughter of a formerly enslaved person, and learned to read and write in church, later becoming a church orator. This collections was contributed at the North Omaha History Harvest in 2011.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;A note from his grandaunt accompanies the folding cup brought in by Mr. Taylor. This is his great-grandmother&amp;rsquo;s folding cup that she used in the field while enslaved in Mississippi. This artifact would have been essential to his great-grandmother, who would not have been allowed to share the same utensils as her slavemaster, and needed to drink while at work in the fields all day.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For interviews and oral histories of this and other items please visit the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoryHarvest"&gt; History Harvest YouTube Channel.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Mr. Warren Taylor shared items from three distinct locations and time periods: a 1925 Business Guide produced by the Colored Commercial Club of Omaha, homestead documents from early twentieth century Wyoming, and artifacts from his ancestors’ enslavement in mid-nineteenth century Mississippi. A friend gave the Business Guide to Mr. Taylor, but the other two collections are family heirlooms. &#13;
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The Business Guide provides valuable insight into Jim Crow-era Omaha. The book illustrates that segregation between the black and white communities was able to exist without legal segregation codes. Mr. Taylor commented that a number of those businesses in the guide remained until the riots of 1968, after which a significant number closed their doors.&#13;
&#13;
The Homestead Act documents contain dated certificates of land registration and land deeds, as well as some other documents from Mr. Taylor’s paternal grandfather and granduncle, Russel Taylor and Otis Taylor, respectively. The brothers both homesteaded in Wyoming for a time, but moved back to Nebraska due to the inability to maintain livelihood with the poor soil of the region. &#13;
&#13;
Mr. Taylor’s family heirloom collection contains photographs of both a penny from 1840 and a cup owned by Mr. Taylor’s great-great-grandmother. Warren Taylor’s grandaunt created handwritten notes to accompany both artifacts, and have also been handed down to him. The notes themselves hold a great deal of meaning to his family, as Mr. Taylor’s grandaunt was the daughter of a formerly enslaved person, and learned to read and write in church, later becoming a church orator. This collections was contributed at the North Omaha History Harvest in 2011.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Mr. Taylor brought in this penny to the History Harvest to share with us, accompanied by a note from his grandaunt. This penny is a 'braided hair coronet'-style penny, dated 1840, and Mr. Taylor informed us that his great-great-grandmother held on to this penny until she passed away. He said it was a highly treasured object for his great-great-grandmother, as slaves were not allowed to have money of their own.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For interviews and oral histories of this and other items please visit the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoryHarvest"&gt; History Harvest YouTube Channel.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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