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                  <text>Mr. Warren Taylor shared items from three distinct locations and time periods: a 1925 Business Guide produced by the Colored Commercial Club of Omaha, homestead documents from early twentieth century Wyoming, and artifacts from his ancestors’ enslavement in mid-nineteenth century Mississippi. A friend gave the Business Guide to Mr. Taylor, but the other two collections are family heirlooms. &#13;
&#13;
The Business Guide provides valuable insight into Jim Crow-era Omaha. The book illustrates that segregation between the black and white communities was able to exist without legal segregation codes. Mr. Taylor commented that a number of those businesses in the guide remained until the riots of 1968, after which a significant number closed their doors.&#13;
&#13;
The Homestead Act documents contain dated certificates of land registration and land deeds, as well as some other documents from Mr. Taylor’s paternal grandfather and granduncle, Russel Taylor and Otis Taylor, respectively. The brothers both homesteaded in Wyoming for a time, but moved back to Nebraska due to the inability to maintain livelihood with the poor soil of the region. &#13;
&#13;
Mr. Taylor’s family heirloom collection contains photographs of both a penny from 1840 and a cup owned by Mr. Taylor’s great-great-grandmother. Warren Taylor’s grandaunt created handwritten notes to accompany both artifacts, and have also been handed down to him. The notes themselves hold a great deal of meaning to his family, as Mr. Taylor’s grandaunt was the daughter of a formerly enslaved person, and learned to read and write in church, later becoming a church orator. This collections was contributed at the North Omaha History Harvest in 2011.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Mr. Warren Taylor provided some homesteading documentation from his paternal grandfather, Russel Taylor. This is Russel Taylor's homestead application, approved for 160 acres of land near Cheyenne, Wyoming on May 20th, 1913. Wyoming had a large community of African American homesteaders, which was a motivation of Russel's to move. He hoped to farm the land, while also working as a school teacher. The land proved poor for farming, and Russel and his wife Henrietta later migrated to Omaha with a large portion of the African American community from Wyoming.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For interviews and oral histories of this and other items please visit the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoryHarvest"&gt; History Harvest YouTube Channel.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Mr. Warren Taylor shared items from three distinct locations and time periods: a 1925 Business Guide produced by the Colored Commercial Club of Omaha, homestead documents from early twentieth century Wyoming, and artifacts from his ancestors’ enslavement in mid-nineteenth century Mississippi. A friend gave the Business Guide to Mr. Taylor, but the other two collections are family heirlooms. &#13;
&#13;
The Business Guide provides valuable insight into Jim Crow-era Omaha. The book illustrates that segregation between the black and white communities was able to exist without legal segregation codes. Mr. Taylor commented that a number of those businesses in the guide remained until the riots of 1968, after which a significant number closed their doors.&#13;
&#13;
The Homestead Act documents contain dated certificates of land registration and land deeds, as well as some other documents from Mr. Taylor’s paternal grandfather and granduncle, Russel Taylor and Otis Taylor, respectively. The brothers both homesteaded in Wyoming for a time, but moved back to Nebraska due to the inability to maintain livelihood with the poor soil of the region. &#13;
&#13;
Mr. Taylor’s family heirloom collection contains photographs of both a penny from 1840 and a cup owned by Mr. Taylor’s great-great-grandmother. Warren Taylor’s grandaunt created handwritten notes to accompany both artifacts, and have also been handed down to him. The notes themselves hold a great deal of meaning to his family, as Mr. Taylor’s grandaunt was the daughter of a formerly enslaved person, and learned to read and write in church, later becoming a church orator. This collections was contributed at the North Omaha History Harvest in 2011.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Russel Taylor wrote a letter to the Secretary of the Interior, explaining his inability to build a house and make the proper improvements to his homestead land by the proper date, as required by law. Russel was a school teacher, as well as a farmer, and when his wife fell ill he was unable to keep up with all the tasks of homesteading. He wrote to the Secretary of the Interior inquiring if he could use the new law extending the improvement time to 12 months instead of six months, as he would have time once school was out of session.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For interviews and oral histories of this and other items please visit the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoryHarvest"&gt; History Harvest YouTube Channel.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&#13;
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                  <text>Bill Hayes shared these documents on behalf of Grace Emmett and Mary Ann Hessenflow, granddaughters of the Civil War veteran Samuel L. Roberts. The collection includes a letter of parole (Roberts was a Civil War POW), a letter Roberts sent home from the battlefront in 1864, discharge papers and other documents. Hayes shared the documents at the Nebraska City History Harvest event held at the Lewis and Clark Missouri River Basin Visitors Center on September 12, 2010.</text>
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              <text>To All Whom it May Concern&#13;
&#13;
Know ye, That Samuel L Roberts a&#13;
Private of Captain Romulus L Hoanks&#13;
Company, (G,) 15th Regiment of Iowa Infantry&#13;
VOLUNTEERS who was enrolled on the Twentieth day of January&#13;
one thousand eight hundred and Sixty Two to serve Three years or&#13;
during the war, is hereby Discharged from the service of the United States,&#13;
this Thirty First day of January, 1864, at Vicksburg&#13;
Mississippi by reason of Reenlistment as a veteran volunteer under&#13;
Gen orders no. 191t(?) 305 Series of 1863 War Department&#13;
(No objection to his being reenlisted is known to exist.*)&#13;
Said Samuel L. Roberts was born in Clark Co&#13;
in the State of Ohio, is Eighteen years of age,&#13;
Five feet 8 inches high, Dark complexion, Dark eyes,&#13;
Dark hair, and by occupation when enrolled, a Farmer&#13;
Given at Vicksburg Miss this Thirty First day of&#13;
January 1864.&#13;
&#13;
[signed]&#13;
&#13;
E.P. Bye 1st Lieut Co G&#13;
15th Regt Iowa Inft (?)&#13;
Commanding Hi(?) Co&#13;
&#13;
[signed]&#13;
1st Leut 13th Iowa Vol&#13;
Commanding the Reg't&#13;
A, C, M 1st div 17th AC&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The Civil War discharge records reveal a treasure of personal information about age, birthplace, appearance, and conduct of the soldier. Samuel L. Roberts was discharged twice, first in 1964 in Vicksburg, Mississippi to reenlist into the 15th Iowa Infantry Veteran Regiment, and then fully discharged in July 1865.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Born in Ohio, but living in Indianola, Iowa in 1861, Roberts was only 18 when he enlisted. The 15th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment where he served was mustered in 1862, and was engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, and the Second Battle of Corinth, where the Confederate army captured Roberts and later exchanged him in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Despite the pledge upon parole "not to take arms again" he probably never quit the service and in 1864 participated in the Atlanta Campaign with the 15th Iowa.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The document now belongs to Roberts' granddaughters Grace Emmett and Mary Ann Hessenflow.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;For interviews and oral histories of this and other items please visit the &lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/HistoryHarvest?feature=watch"&gt;History Harvest YouTube Channel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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        <name>Grace Emmett and Mary Ann Hessenflow Collection</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="648">
        <name>Nebraska City History Harvest 2010</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
